GATE 2025

GATE 2025 - Q1

Consider the matrix A below:$$\begin{bmatrix}2&3&4&5\\0&6&7&8\\0&0&\alpha&\beta \\0&0&0&\gamma \end{bmatrix}$$ For which of the following combinations of $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$, is the rank of the matrix A atleast three?

(i) $\alpha=0$ and $\beta = \gamma \neq 0$

(ii) $\alpha=\beta = \gamma = 0$

(iii) $\alpha \neq 0$ and $\beta = \gamma = 0$

(iv) $\alpha=\beta = \gamma \neq 0$

a) only (i), (iii) and (iv)

b) only (iv)

c) only (ii)

d) only (i) and (iii)

Correct Answer: A

Rank of A has to be atleast three means rank can be $3$ or more ($4$).

(i) $\alpha = 0$, $\beta \neq 0$, $\gamma \neq 0$ and $\beta =\gamma$.$$\begin{bmatrix}2&3&4&5\\0&6&7&8\\0&0&0&\beta \\0&0&0&\beta \end{bmatrix}$$ $R_4\leftarrow R_4-R_3$, we will get $$\begin{bmatrix}2&3&4&5\\0&6&7&8\\0&0&0&\beta \\0&0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$$$$\rho(A)=3$$

(ii) $\alpha = 0$, $\beta = 0$ and $\gamma = 0$.$$\begin{bmatrix}2&3&4&5\\0&6&7&8\\0&0&0&0 \\0&0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$$ $$\rho(A)=2$$

(iii) $\alpha \neq 0$, $\beta = 0$, $\gamma = 0$.$$\begin{bmatrix}2&3&4&5\\0&6&7&8\\0&0&\alpha&0 \\0&0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$$ Exchanging column $3$ and column $4$ , we will get $$\begin{bmatrix}2&3&4&5\\0&6&7&8\\0&0&0&\alpha \\0&0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$$$$\rho(A)=3$$

(iv) $\alpha \neq 0$, $\beta \neq 0$, $\gamma \neq 0$ and $\alpha=\beta=\gamma$.$$\begin{bmatrix}2&3&4&5\\0&6&7&8\\0&0&\alpha &\alpha \\0&0&0&\alpha \end{bmatrix}$$$$\rho(A)=4$$

Hence (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.

GATE 2025 - Q2

Consider a part of an electrical network as shown below. Some node voltages and the current flowing through the $3\Omega$ resistor are as indicated. The voltage (in volts) at node X is

a) $20/3$

b) $32/3$

c) $22/3$

d) $2/3$ 

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Correct Answer: A

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VA=9-3=6
1
1
2
2
Text is not SVG - cannot display

Step $1$: Voltage across $3\Omega$ resistor is $$V_{3\Omega}=1×3=3V$$

Step $2$: Voltage at node A, $$9-V_{A}=3V$$$$V_{A}=9-3=6V$$

8V
8V
9V
9V
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20face%3D%26quot%3BVerdana%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B2%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bspan%20style%3D%26quot%3Bcolor%3A%20rgba(0%2C%200%2C%200%2C%200)%3B%20font-size%3A%200px%3B%20text-align%3A%20start%3B%20text-wrap-mode%3A%20nowrap%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%253CmxGraphModel%253E%253Croot%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25220%2522%252F%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25221%2522%2520parent%253D%25220%2522%252F%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25222%2522%2520value%253D%2522%2526lt%253Bfont%2520style%253D%2526quot%253Bfont-size%253A%252019px%253B%2526quot%253B%2520face%253D%2526quot%253BComic%2520Sans%2520MS%2526quot%253B%2526gt%253B9V%2526lt%253B%252Ffont%2526gt%253B%2522%2520style%253D%2522text%253Bhtml%253D1%253Balign%253Dcenter%253BverticalAlign%253Dmiddle%253BwhiteSpace%253Dwrap%253Brounded%253D0%253B%2522%2520vertex%253D%25221%2522%2520parent%253D%25221%2522%253E%253CmxGeometry%2520x%253D%2522336%2522%2520y%253D%252211%2522%2520width%253D%252260%2522%2520height%253D%252230%2522%2520as%253D%2522geometry%2522%252F%253E%253C%252FmxCell%253E%253C%252Froot%253E%253C%252FmxGraphModel%253E%26lt%3B%2Fspan%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bspan%20style%3D%26quot%3Btext-align%3A%20left%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%CE%A9%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Fspan%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22282%22%20y%3D%22170%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3E%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphMΩ
1CmxGraphM...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1A
1A
3%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
3%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
X
X
6V
6V
2
2
I=(8-6)/3
I=(8-6)/3
4
4
2
2
3
3
V2=2/3x2=4/3
V2=2/3x2=4/3
VX=8-4/3=20/3
VX=8-4/3=20/3
2
2
5
5
Text is not SVG - cannot display

Step $3$: Now finding the current flowing through $2\;\Omega$ and $1\;\Omega$ will be$$I=\frac{8-6}{3}=2/3$$

Step $4$: Voltage across $2\Omega$ resistor is $$V_{2\Omega}=2/3×2=4/3V$$

Step $5$: Voltage at node X, $$8-V_{X}=4/3$$$$V_{X}=8-4/3=20/3$$

GATE 2025 - Q3

Consider an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with bandwidth W and noise spectral density $\frac{N_0}{2}$. Let $P_{av}$ denote the average transmit power constraint. Which one of the following plots illustrates the dependence of the channel capacity $C$ on the bandwidth $W$ (keeping $P_{av}$ and $N_0$ fixed)?

a) $103\;nJ$

b) $60\;nJ$

c) $40\;nJ$

d) $20\;nJ$

Correct Answer: A

8V
8V
9V
9V
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20face%3D%26quot%3BVerdana%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B2%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bspan%20style%3D%26quot%3Bcolor%3A%20rgba(0%2C%200%2C%200%2C%200)%3B%20font-size%3A%200px%3B%20text-align%3A%20start%3B%20text-wrap-mode%3A%20nowrap%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%253CmxGraphModel%253E%253Croot%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25220%2522%252F%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25221%2522%2520parent%253D%25220%2522%252F%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25222%2522%2520value%253D%2522%2526lt%253Bfont%2520style%253D%2526quot%253Bfont-size%253A%252019px%253B%2526quot%253B%2520face%253D%2526quot%253BComic%2520Sans%2520MS%2526quot%253B%2526gt%253B9V%2526lt%253B%252Ffont%2526gt%253B%2522%2520style%253D%2522text%253Bhtml%253D1%253Balign%253Dcenter%253BverticalAlign%253Dmiddle%253BwhiteSpace%253Dwrap%253Brounded%253D0%253B%2522%2520vertex%253D%25221%2522%2520parent%253D%25221%2522%253E%253CmxGeometry%2520x%253D%2522336%2522%2520y%253D%252211%2522%2520width%253D%252260%2522%2520height%253D%252230%2522%2520as%253D%2522geometry%2522%252F%253E%253C%252FmxCell%253E%253C%252Froot%253E%253C%252FmxGraphModel%253E%26lt%3B%2Fspan%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bspan%20style%3D%26quot%3Btext-align%3A%20left%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%CE%A9%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Fspan%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22282%22%20y%3D%22170%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3E%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphMΩ
1CmxGraphM...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1A
1A
3%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
3%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
X
X
A
A
V3=3x1=3
V3=3x1=3
VA=9-3=6
VA=9-3=6
1
1
2
2
Text is not SVG - cannot display

Step $1$: Voltage across $3\Omega$ resistor is $$V_{3\Omega}=1×3=3V$$

Step $2$: Voltage at node A, $$9-V_{A}=3V$$$$V_{A}=9-3=6V$$

8V
8V
9V
9V
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20face%3D%26quot%3BVerdana%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B2%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bspan%20style%3D%26quot%3Bcolor%3A%20rgba(0%2C%200%2C%200%2C%200)%3B%20font-size%3A%200px%3B%20text-align%3A%20start%3B%20text-wrap-mode%3A%20nowrap%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%253CmxGraphModel%253E%253Croot%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25220%2522%252F%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25221%2522%2520parent%253D%25220%2522%252F%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25222%2522%2520value%253D%2522%2526lt%253Bfont%2520style%253D%2526quot%253Bfont-size%253A%252019px%253B%2526quot%253B%2520face%253D%2526quot%253BComic%2520Sans%2520MS%2526quot%253B%2526gt%253B9V%2526lt%253B%252Ffont%2526gt%253B%2522%2520style%253D%2522text%253Bhtml%253D1%253Balign%253Dcenter%253BverticalAlign%253Dmiddle%253BwhiteSpace%253Dwrap%253Brounded%253D0%253B%2522%2520vertex%253D%25221%2522%2520parent%253D%25221%2522%253E%253CmxGeometry%2520x%253D%2522336%2522%2520y%253D%252211%2522%2520width%253D%252260%2522%2520height%253D%252230%2522%2520as%253D%2522geometry%2522%252F%253E%253C%252FmxCell%253E%253C%252Froot%253E%253C%252FmxGraphModel%253E%26lt%3B%2Fspan%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bspan%20style%3D%26quot%3Btext-align%3A%20left%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%CE%A9%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Fspan%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22282%22%20y%3D%22170%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3E%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphMΩ
1CmxGraphM...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1A
1A
3%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
3%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
X
X
6V
6V
2
2
I=(8-6)/3
I=(8-6)/3
4
4
2
2
3
3
V2=2/3x2=4/3
V2=2/3x2=4/3
VX=8-4/3=20/3
VX=8-4/3=20/3
2
2
5
5
Text is not SVG - cannot display

Step $3$: Now finding the current flowing through $2\;\Omega$ and $1\;\Omega$ will be$$I=\frac{8-6}{3}=2/3$$

Step $4$: Voltage across $2\Omega$ resistor is $$V_{2\Omega}=2/3×2=4/3V$$

Step $5$: Voltage at node X, $$8-V_{X}=4/3$$$$V_{X}=8-4/3=20/3$$

GATE 2025 - Q4

Consider a frequency modulated (FM) signal $$f(t)=A_c\;cos(2\pi ft+3sin(2\pi f_1 t)+4sin(2\pi f_1 t))$$

a) $103\;nJ$

b) $60\;nJ$

c) $40\;nJ$

d) $20\;nJ$

Correct Answer: A

8V
8V
9V
9V
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20face%3D%26quot%3BVerdana%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B2%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bspan%20style%3D%26quot%3Bcolor%3A%20rgba(0%2C%200%2C%200%2C%200)%3B%20font-size%3A%200px%3B%20text-align%3A%20start%3B%20text-wrap-mode%3A%20nowrap%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%253CmxGraphModel%253E%253Croot%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25220%2522%252F%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25221%2522%2520parent%253D%25220%2522%252F%253E%253CmxCell%2520id%253D%25222%2522%2520value%253D%2522%2526lt%253Bfont%2520style%253D%2526quot%253Bfont-size%253A%252019px%253B%2526quot%253B%2520face%253D%2526quot%253BComic%2520Sans%2520MS%2526quot%253B%2526gt%253B9V%2526lt%253B%252Ffont%2526gt%253B%2522%2520style%253D%2522text%253Bhtml%253D1%253Balign%253Dcenter%253BverticalAlign%253Dmiddle%253BwhiteSpace%253Dwrap%253Brounded%253D0%253B%2522%2520vertex%253D%25221%2522%2520parent%253D%25221%2522%253E%253CmxGeometry%2520x%253D%2522336%2522%2520y%253D%252211%2522%2520width%253D%252260%2522%2520height%253D%252230%2522%2520as%253D%2522geometry%2522%252F%253E%253C%252FmxCell%253E%253C%252Froot%253E%253C%252FmxGraphModel%253E%26lt%3B%2Fspan%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bspan%20style%3D%26quot%3Btext-align%3A%20left%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%CE%A9%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Fspan%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22282%22%20y%3D%22170%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3E%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphMΩ
1CmxGraphM...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1A
1A
3%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
3%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
X
X
A
A
V3=3x1=3
V3=3x1=3
VA=9-3=6
VA=9-3=6
1
1
2
2
Text is not SVG - cannot display

Step $1$: Voltage across $3\Omega$ resistor is $$V_{3\Omega}=1×3=3V$$

Step $2$: Voltage at node A, $$9-V_{A}=3V$$$$V_{A}=9-3=6V$$

8V
8V
9V
9V
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2%3CmxGrap...
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1CmxGraphM...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
1A
1A
3%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
3%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
2%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22%26lt%3Bfont%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfont-size%3A%2019px%3B%26quot%3B%20face%3D%26quot%3BComic%20Sans%20MS%26quot%3B%26gt%3B9V%26lt%3B%2Ffont%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22336%22%20y%3D%2211%22%20width%3D%2260%22%20height%3D%2230%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3EΩ
2%3CmxGrap...
X
X
6V
6V
2
2
I=(8-6)/3
I=(8-6)/3
4
4
2
2
3
3
V2=2/3x2=4/3
V2=2/3x2=4/3
VX=8-4/3=20/3
VX=8-4/3=20/3
2
2
5
5
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Step $3$: Now finding the current flowing through $2\;\Omega$ and $1\;\Omega$ will be$$I=\frac{8-6}{3}=2/3$$

Step $4$: Voltage across $2\Omega$ resistor is $$V_{2\Omega}=2/3×2=4/3V$$

Step $5$: Voltage at node X, $$8-V_{X}=4/3$$$$V_{X}=8-4/3=20/3$$